Consequences of the municipal management reform in Russia

Сitation
Kazantcev K., Rumiantseva A. «From election to appointment. Consequences of the municipal management reform in Russia» / ed, by Komin M.; Center for Advanced Governance, Moscow, 2021
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What are the consequences of the municipal reform in Russia, which has been underway since 2003?

The main element of the reform is the transition from the direct election of the mayor by the population to various models of appointment. As originally conceived, this reform was supposed to lead to the incorporation of municipalities into the vertical of power with a simultaneous increase in the efficiency of their work.

CAG has collected and processed quite a large body of data on Russian municipalities and found that the idea was achieved only partially - the municipalities have lost their autonomy, but they have not become more effective.